Industrial Garments Washing

Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement.

There are many types of Industrial Wash. These are:

1.     Normal/Detergent Wash(Normal Detergent Wash)

2.     Bleach Wash

3.     Stone Wash

4.     Acid Wash

5.     Enzyme Wash

6.     Caustic Wash

7.     Super-White Wash

8.     Combined Wash.

There is some physical pretreatment related to industrial  garments washing. These are Hand Scraping, Sand Blasting, Whiskering, Tagging, Crinkle Effect, Grinding, and Destroying.

There is also some chemical pretreatment related to industrial garments washing. These are Potassium per Manganate spray, Color Spray. Color spray is also known as tinting.

For garment dyeing and washing plant some machines and equipments are necessary. These are:

1.     Dyeing and washing machine.

2.     Hydro extractor.

3.     Drying machine.

4.     Spray boote.

5.     Brushing mannequin.

6.     Sand blasting unit.

7.     Grinding machine.

8.     Hot pressing machine.

9.     Tag gun.

10.   Minor sewing facilities.

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Posted in: Wet process

Identification of Cotton Fiber

1. Burn Test: 
The burn test is a quick way to determine the cotton fiber. A few threads from the fiber is moved slowly to the flame of the burner and then into it. Where it is watched carefully. Then the sample is removed from the flame still watching it. The fiber sample is evaluated considering the following point.

a.       Ability to ignition.

b.      Art of burn.

c.       Smell.

d.      Combustion residue.

When cotton ignited it will not shrink from the flame will burn with a yellow flame. It continues to burn when the flame is removed and smell like burning paper. There is a little grey ash residue after combustion.

2. Chemical test:

i. Treatment with H₂SO₄: With concentrated H₂SO₄ the cotton fiber will be destroyed, i.e. the cellulose components will be dissolved.

ii. Iodine potassium iodide test: The iodine potassium iodide solution is prepared by dissolving 20gm iodine in 100ml solution of potassium iodine. The samples are treated some seconds with this solution followed by rinsing with water unmercerized cotton will not be colored, where as the mercerized cotton remain longer time dark blue to blue colored.

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Posted in: Spinning

Difference Between Dyeing and Printing

The difference between dyeing and printing are given below:

Dyeing	Printing
There is no localized application.	This is localized application of dyes (pigments).
Color applied in form of solution.	Color applied in form of thick paste.
Fabric, yarn and fibers are dyed.	Only fabric is printed.
Thickener is not used.	Thickener is used.
Generally one color is used.	One or more color is used.
Steaming is not required.	Steaming is required.
Liquor ratio is high.	Less liquor ratio.
More time is required.	Less time is required.

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Posted in: Wet process

Matt Rib Weave

The weaves are also variously known as ‘hopsack’ or ‘basket’ weaves. The hopsack weave a variation of the plain weave, uses two or more warp and/or two or more weft yarn side by side as one yarn.

Feature of Matt Rib Weave:

1. The Matt rib structures result from extending the plain weave in both directions.
2. In case of regular Matt rib the plain weave extended equally in the warp and weft direction.
3. In case of irregular Matt rib the plain weave is extended unevenly in the warp and weft direction.
4. The Matt rib weave cloth has a greater resistance to tearing.
5. Matt rib tends to give smooth surface fabric.
6. In the repeat size of the Matt weave the numbers of warp and weft yarns are equal.
7. There are four types of Matt weave, such as Regular, Irregular, Stitch and Fancy Matt.

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Posted in: Weaving

Application of Polymer

The applications of polymer are given below:

Agriculture: Fertilizer.

1. Medicine: Heart value, blood vassels. These two medical equipment are made up from decron tollon and poly urethane.
2. Consumer products: Clothing, floor covering. Different types of plastic material which are home use different bags.
3. Industry: Automobile parts, tire (rubber), pipe, adhesive, different machine valve and different machine belt.
4. Sports: Football.

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Posted in: Weaving

Bobbin | Structure of the Bobbin

Bobbin is a cylindrical or slightly tapered barrel, with or without flanges, for holding slubbings, rovings, or yarns.

The Structure of the Bobbin:
The shape of the bobbin The tube is usually made of paperboard, plastics and has a conical shape similar to the spindle tip; the yarn is wound on the tube leaving a free space (10 ÷ 13 mm) at both ends. A full bobbin (Figure) consists of three different parts:

1.  The "H2" tapered base (kernel),
2.  The "H1"cylindrical part at the centre (yarn package or buildup),
3.  The "H" cone-shape upper end A bobbin is wound starting from the base to the tip by overlapping the various yarn layers frustrum-like; except for the kernel, this gives a conical shape to the material from the edge of the kernel to the tip of the bobbin. 

Each step of the bobbin formation consists essentially of the overlapping of a main yarn layer with a cross-wound tying layer. The main layer is wound during the slow upward travel of the ring rail; the yarn coils laid one next to the other provide the bobbin build-up. The cross layer, made of distant coils inclined downwards, is formed during the quick downward travel of the rail. This system keeps the main layers separated, in order to prevent them from being pressed one inside the other (thus resulting in a quite difficult or almost impossible unwinding of the yarn). 

Bobbin structure

The ratio between the number of yarn coils wound on the bobbin during the upward travel of the rail and the number of yarn coils wound during the downward travel usually range between 2:1 and 2.5:1 ; for this reason the rail must raise slowly (A) and lower quite quickly (B). When unwinding the bobbin at high speed (D) the simultaneous unwinding of many coils could lead to entanglements of the yarn (this does not occur in .C. case).

The yarn wound on the bobbin during each upward and downward travel of the ring rail is called run-out.; to facilitate successive unwinding, the length of the run-out ranges from 3 to 5 m and is smaller for coarse yarns and greater for finer ones. The travel of the rail is considered sufficient when it is 15÷18% larger than the 

ring spinning diameter.

The structure of the bobbin is the result of the continuous motion of the winding point of the yarn on the bobbin affected by the ring rail. The rail travels up and down along the vertical axis to form the main layers, and on the cross axis (with an upward progressive increment) to homogeneously distribute the yarn on the bobbin .

The increment value, i.e. the space between the two subsequent upward travels of the ring rail (winding cycles), determines the forming bobbin diameter with respect to two different parameters: the run-out and the yarn count.

To obtain bobbins of a given diameter it is necessary to consider that the increment is inversely proportional to the yarn count (Nm) and directly proportional to the length of the run-out; in other words, after establishing the diameter of the bobbin, with the same yarn count, when doubling the run-out length, the increment must also be doubled or, with the same run-out length, when doubling the yarn count (Nm) the increment value must be halved. 

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Posted in: Garment

Manufacturing Process of Nylon 6,6

Nylon 6,6 is made from Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid as shown in the figure below.

Spinning of Nylon 6,6:

The chips of nylon polymer are fed through a hopper A, into a spinning vessel B, on an electrically heated grid ( perforated plate) C. The perforations are so small that the chips do not pass through, but when melted, the liquid can pass.

The molten nylon collects as a pool D, at the bottom of the vessel. This liquid should not come into contact with oxygen or air and hence nitrogen is introduced into the vessel. The molten polymer is kept at a temperature of about 288 deg C and sucked by a pump F, into a spinnerette E. The molten polymer solidifies as soon as it emerges out of the spinnerette. The filament thus formed pass through a colloing zone, in which cold air G circulates directed towards the filaments. The filaments are then passed through a steam chamber H, to wet them before winding on the bobbin L.

Drawing:

Nylon filaments as obtained are not very strong. They have to tbe drawn 4-7 times their original length. This is done by cold drawing. The yarn in pulled off from bobbin L through guides M and N, between a pair of rollers O. The speed of rotation of these rollers determines the initial speed. The yarn then goes over a deflector P, and two to three times around roller Q, running at five times the speed than that of O. The yarn subsequently courses through another guide R, and wound on another bobbin which rotates at veryhigh speed, to impart twist in the yarn before being wound. 

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Posted in: Spinning